Hiki i nā hanana hou i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka maikaʻi o nā papa pōhaku ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka maikaʻi, ka lōʻihi, a me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā code design hybrid.
Hiki ke ʻike i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke kahua paʻa paʻa, a pono e hōʻoia ka mea hana ʻaelike i ka maikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana.ʻO kēia mau hanana e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka ua i ka wā o ka ninini ʻana, ma hope o ka noi ʻana o nā pūhui hoʻōla, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka plastik a me nā hola ʻoki i loko o kekahi mau hola ma hope o ka ninini ʻana, a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka kikokikona a me ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā pilikia.ʻOiai inā e hoʻokō ʻia nā koi ikaika a me nā hoʻokolohua ʻē aʻe, pono paha nā mea ʻenekinia i ka wehe ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻāpana pavement no ka mea hopohopo lākou e pili ana nā mea in-situ i nā kikoʻī hoʻolālā mix.
I kēia hihia, hiki i ka petrography a me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo hoʻohui (akā naʻe) ke hāʻawi i ka ʻike koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka maikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi o ka hui ʻana o ka palaki a inā paha lākou e hoʻokō i nā kikoʻī hana.
Kiʻi 1. Nā hiʻohiʻona o nā micrograph microscope fluorescence o ka paʻi paʻi ma 0.40 w / c ( kihi hema hema) a me 0.60 w / c ( kihi ʻākau o luna).Hōʻike ka helu hema haʻahaʻa i ka mea hana no ke ana ʻana i ka resistivity o kahi cylinder konikō.Hōʻike ka helu ʻākau haʻahaʻa i ka pilina ma waena o ka resistivity volume a me w/c.ʻO Chunyu Qiao a me DRP, kahi Hui Twining
ʻO ke kānāwai o ʻAberama: "ʻO ka ikaika paʻa o ka hui ʻana i ka ʻiʻo ua like ʻole me kona ratio wai-sima."
Ua wehewehe mua ʻo Polofesa Duff Abrams i ka pilina ma waena o ka ratio wai-cement (w/c) a me ka ikaika compressive i ka makahiki 1918 [1], a ua hoʻokumu i ka mea i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ke kānāwai ʻo ʻAberama: "ʻO ka ikaika compressive o ka ratio wai / sima."Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka ikaika compressive, ua makemake ʻia ka ratio cement water (w/cm) i kēia manawa no ka mea e ʻike i ka hoʻololi ʻana o Portland cement me nā mea hoʻohui e like me ka lehu lele a me ka slag.ʻO ia hoʻi kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke kūpaʻa paʻa.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui ka paʻa o ka hui ʻana me ka w/cm haʻahaʻa ma mua o ~ 0.45 i loko o nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, e like me nā wahi i ʻike ʻia i nā pōʻai maloʻo me ka deicing paʻakai a i ʻole nā wahi kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka sulfate i loko o ka lepo.
ʻO nā pores capillary kahi ʻāpana o ka slurry sima.Aia lākou i ka manawa ma waena o nā huahana hydration cement a me nā ʻāpana cement unhydrated i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai.[2] ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pores capillary ma mua o nā pores i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a paʻa paha a ʻaʻole pono e huikau me lākou.Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā pores capillary, hiki ke neʻe ka wai mai ke kaiapuni waho ma o ka paʻi.Kapa ʻia kēia ʻano he penetration a pono e hōʻemi ʻia e hōʻoia i ka paʻa.ʻO ka microstructure o ka hui paʻa paʻa paʻa ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o nā pores ma mua o ka pili.Hana ʻia kēia inā emi ka w/cm ma mua o ~0.45.
ʻOiai he mea paʻakikī loa ke ana pololei i ka w/cm o ka pāpaʻi paʻa, hiki i kahi ala hilinaʻi ke hāʻawi i kahi mea hana hōʻoia koʻikoʻi no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka wili paʻa paʻa.Hāʻawi ka microscopy fluorescence i kahi hopena.Penei ka hana ana.
ʻO ka microscopy fluorescence kahi ʻenehana e hoʻohana ai i ka epoxy resin a me nā dyes fluorescent e hoʻomālamalama i nā kikoʻī o nā mea.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i ka ʻepekema lapaʻau, a he mau noi nui nō hoʻi i ka ʻepekema waiwai.Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻōnaehana o kēia ʻano hana i loko o ke kaʻa ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki i hala ma Denmark [3];Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ia ma nā ʻāina Nordic i ka makahiki 1991 no ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka w / c o ka paʻa paʻa, a ua hoʻonui ʻia i ka makahiki 1999 [4].
No ke ana ʻana i ka w/cm o nā mea i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka sima (ʻo ia hoʻi ke kaʻa, mortar, a me ka grouting), hoʻohana ʻia ka epoxy fluorescent no ka hana ʻana i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi a i ʻole ʻāpana ʻāpana me ka mānoanoa ma kahi o 25 microns a i ʻole 1/1000 iniha (Figure 2).ʻO ke kaʻina hana e ʻoki ʻia i loko o nā poloka palahalaha (kapa ʻia nā blanks) me kahi ākea o 25 x 50 mm (1 x 2 iniha).Hoʻopili ʻia ka blank i kahi paheʻe aniani, waiho ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena ʻūhā, a hoʻokomo ʻia ka resin epoxy ma lalo o ka momi.Ke piʻi nei ka w / cm, e hoʻonui ka pilina a me ka helu o nā pores, no laila e komo hou aku ka epoxy i loko o ka paʻi.Nānā mākou i nā ʻōpala ma lalo o kahi microscope, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi pūʻulu o nā kānana kūikawā e hoʻoulu ai i nā dyes fluorescent i loko o ka resin epoxy a kānana i nā hōʻailona keu.Ma kēia mau kiʻi, hōʻike nā wahi ʻeleʻele i nā ʻāpana aggregate a me nā ʻāpana cement unhydrated.ʻO ka porosity o nā mea ʻelua he 0%.ʻO ka pōʻai'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo ka porosity (ʻaʻole ka porosity), aʻo ka porosity he 100%.ʻO kekahi o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona ʻO ka "substance" ʻōmaʻomaʻo kikoʻī he paʻi (Figure 2).I ka piʻi ʻana o ka w/cm a me ka capillary porosity o ke kaʻa, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo kūikawā o ka paʻi (e ʻike i ke kiʻi 3).
Kiʻi 2. ʻO ka micrograph fluorescence o nā flakes e hōʻike ana i nā ʻāpana i hui pū ʻia, nā hakahaka (v) a me ka paʻi.ʻO ka laulā ākea ākea he ~ 1.5 mm.ʻO Chunyu Qiao a me DRP, kahi Hui Twining
Kiʻi 3. Hōʻike nā micrograph fluorescence o nā flakes i ka piʻi ʻana o ka w/cm, ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka paʻi ʻōmaʻomaʻo.Hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau huila a loaʻa i ka lehu lele.ʻO Chunyu Qiao a me DRP, kahi Hui Twining
Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻikepili kiʻi i ka unuhi ʻana i ka ʻikepili nui mai nā kiʻi.Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma nā ʻano ʻepekema ʻē aʻe, mai ka microscope sensing mamao.ʻO kēlā me kēia pika i ke kiʻi kikohoʻe e lilo i wahi kikoʻī.ʻAe kēia ʻano iā mākou e hoʻopili i nā helu i nā pae ʻōmaʻomaʻo like ʻole i ʻike ʻia ma kēia mau kiʻi.I loko o nā makahiki he 20 i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mana computing desktop a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi, ua lilo ka nānā ʻana i nā kiʻi i mea hana pono e hiki ai i nā microscopists (me nā petrologists concrete) ke hoʻohana.Hoʻohana pinepine mākou i ka loiloi kiʻi e ana i ka porosity capillary o ka slurry.I ka wā lōʻihi, ua ʻike mākou aia kahi hoʻopili helu ʻōnaehana ikaika ma waena o w / cm a me ka porosity capillary, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma kēia kiʻi (Figure 4 a me Figure 5)).
Kiʻi 4. Ka laʻana o ka ʻikepili i loaʻa mai nā micrograph fluorescence o nā ʻāpana lahilahi.Hoʻolālā kēia pakuhi i ka helu o nā pika ma kahi pae hina i hāʻawi ʻia i ka photomicrograph hoʻokahi.Pili nā piko ʻekolu i nā hōʻuluʻulu (ka ʻālani ʻalani), paʻi (wahi hina), a me ka ʻole (ka piko piha ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau loa).ʻO ka pihi o ka paʻi e hiki ai i kekahi ke helu i ka nui o ka pore awelika a me kāna ʻano maʻamau.ʻO Chunyu Qiao a me DRP, Twining Company Kiʻi 5. Hōʻuluʻulu kēia pakuhi i ke ʻano o nā ana capillary w / cm awelika a me 95% mau manawa hilinaʻi i loko o ka hui ʻana i haku ʻia me ka sima maʻemaʻe, lele lehu sima, a me ka mea hoʻopili pozzolan maoli.ʻO Chunyu Qiao a me DRP, kahi Hui Twining
I ka hōʻike hope loa, pono ʻekolu mau hoʻokolohua kūʻokoʻa e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka pahu ma ka pūnaewele me ka ʻōlelo hoʻolālā hui.E like me ka hiki, e kiʻi i nā laʻana koʻikoʻi mai nā wahi i kūpono i nā pae hoʻohālike āpau, a me nā laʻana mai nā wahi pili.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke kumu o ka hoʻolālā i ʻae ʻia ma ke ʻano he laʻana mana, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana ia mea ma ke ʻano he pae no ka loiloi ʻana i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka hoʻolālā kūpono.
I kā mākou ʻike, ke ʻike nā ʻenekinia me nā moʻolelo i ka ʻikepili i loaʻa mai kēia mau hoʻāʻo, ʻae pinepine lākou i kahi hoʻokomo inā loaʻa nā ʻano ʻenehana nui (e like me ka ikaika compressive).Ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā ana quantitative o w/cm a me ke kumu hoʻokumu, hiki iā mākou ke hele ma mua o nā hoʻāʻo i kuhikuhi ʻia no nā hana he nui e hōʻoia i ka hui ʻana i nīnau ʻia he mau waiwai e unuhi i ka lōʻihi maikaʻi.
ʻO David Rothstein, Ph.D., PG, FACI ke poʻokela lithographer o DRP, A Twining Company.Loaʻa iā ia ma mua o 25 mau makahiki o ka ʻoihana petrologist ʻoihana a nānā pono iā ia ma mua o 10,000 mau laʻana mai nā papahana ʻoi aku ma mua o 2,000 a puni ka honua.ʻO Kauka Chunyu Qiao, ka mea ʻepekema poʻokela o DRP, kahi Hui Twining, he kanaka kālaihonua a me nā mea ʻepekema ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻumi makahiki o ka ʻike i nā mea hana sima a me nā huahana pōhaku kūlohelohe a hoʻoponopono ʻia.Loaʻa i kāna ʻike ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i ke kiʻi a me ka microscopy fluorescence e aʻo ai i ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻa, me ka manaʻo nui i ka pōʻino i hana ʻia e ka deicing paʻakai, alkali-silicon reactions, a me ka hoʻouka kemika i nā mea kanu hoʻōla wai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-07-2021