ʻAʻole ʻae ka Navajo Nation i ka poʻe kiʻiʻoniʻoni e komo i loko o ka canyon ʻulaʻula nani i kapa ʻia ʻo Death Canyon.Ma ka ʻāina ʻohana ma ka ʻākau hikina o Arizona, he ʻāpana ia o ka Cheli Canyon National Monument-ʻo kahi kahi o ka Navajo i hoʻolaha ponoʻī iā Diné ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka ʻuhane a me ka mōʻaukala.Ua wehewehe ʻo Coerte Voorhees, ka mea kākau kiʻi a me ka luna hoʻomalu o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ʻaneʻi, i nā canyons pili ʻia ʻo "ka puʻuwai o ka Navajo Nation."
He moʻolelo archaeological kēia kiʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Canyon Del Muerto, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma hope o kēia makahiki.Hōʻike ia i ka moʻolelo o ka mea kālaihonua paionia ʻo Ann Akstel Mo i hana ma ʻaneʻi i nā makahiki 1920 a me nā makahiki 1930 mua ʻO ka moʻolelo ʻoiaʻiʻo o Ann Axtell Morris.Ua male ʻo ia iā Earl Morris a i kekahi manawa i wehewehe ʻia ʻo ia ka makuakāne o Southwestern Archeology a ua ʻōlelo pinepine ʻia ʻo ia he kumu hoʻohālike no ka fictional Indiana Jones, Harrison Ford i ka blockbuster Steven Spielberg a me George Lucas kiʻiʻoniʻoni Play.ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana iā Earl Morris, i hui pū ʻia me ka manaʻo ʻino o nā wahine i ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana, ua uhi lōʻihi ʻo ia i kāna mau hana, ʻoiai ʻo ia kekahi o nā wahine hulihonua hihiu mua ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ma ke kakahiaka anu a me ka la, i ka wa i hoomaka ai ka la e hoomalamalama mai i na paia awawa kiekie, ua holo aku kekahi hui o na lio a me na kaa huila eha ma ka lalo o ke awawa one.ʻO ka hapa nui o nā poʻe kiʻiʻoniʻoni he 35 kanaka i holo i kahi jeep hāmama i alakaʻi ʻia e kahi alakaʻi Navajo kūloko.Ua kuhikuhi lākou i ke kiʻi pōhaku a me nā hale pali i kūkulu ʻia e ka poʻe Anasazi a i ʻole nā mea kālaihonua i ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa ʻo ka poʻe Pueblo poʻe kūpuna.Ka poe kahiko i noho maanei mamua o BC.Navajo, a waiho ʻia ma nā kūlana pohihihi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 14.Ma ka hope o ka convoy, paʻa pinepine i ke one he 1917 Ford T a me 1918 TT kalaka.
ʻOiai e hoʻomākaukau ana i ka pahupaʻikiʻi no ka lens ākea ākea mua ma ka canyon, ua hele au a hiki i ka moʻopuna 58 makahiki a Ann Earl ʻo Ben Gail, ʻo ia ke kumu aʻoaʻo palapala kiʻekiʻe no ka hana."ʻO kēia ka wahi kūikawā loa no Ann, kahi i hauʻoli loa ai a ua hana i kekahi o kāna mau hana koʻikoʻi," wahi a Gell.“Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i ka canyon i nā manawa he nui a kākau ʻo ia ʻaʻole like ia i ʻelua manawa.Hoʻololi mau ka mālamalama, ke kau, a me ke ea.Ua hāpai ʻia koʻu makuahine ma ʻaneʻi i ka wā o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka ʻeli ʻana, ʻaʻole paha he mea kupanaha, ua ulu ʻo ia e lilo i mea kālaihonua.
Ma kahi hiʻohiʻona, ua nānā mākou i kahi wahine ʻōpio e hele mālie ana ma mua o ke kāmela ma luna o kahi lio keʻokeʻo.He ʻaʻahu ʻili ʻeleʻele ʻo ia i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka ʻili hipa a nakinaki ʻia kona lauoho i hope.ʻO ka mea hana keaka e hoʻokani nei i kona kupuna wahine ma kēia hiʻohiʻona, ʻo ia ka stunt stand-in Kristina Krell (Kristina Krell), no Gail, ua like ia me ka nānā ʻana i kahi kiʻi ʻohana kahiko i ola."ʻAʻole au i ʻike iā Ann a me Earl, ua make lāua ʻelua ma mua o koʻu hānau ʻana, akā ua ʻike wau i koʻu aloha nui iā lāua," wahi a Gale."He poʻe kupanaha lākou, he naʻau lokomaikaʻi ko lākou."
Ma lalo o ka nānā ʻana a me ke kiʻi ʻana ʻo John Tsosie mai Diné kokoke i Chinle, Arizona.ʻO ia ka pilina ma waena o ka hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ke aupuni ʻohana.Ua nīnau au iā ia no ke aha i ʻae ai ʻo Diné e ʻae i kēia mau mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i Canyon del Muerto."I ka wā ma mua, e hana ana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ko mākou ʻāina, ua loaʻa iā mākou kekahi mau ʻike maikaʻi ʻole," wahi āna.“Ua lawe mai lakou i mau haneri kanaka, waiho i ka opala, hoopilikia i ka wahi hoano, a me he mea la ia lakou keia wahi.He ʻokoʻa wale nō kēia hana.Mahalo nui lākou i ko mākou ʻāina a me nā kānaka.Hoʻolimalima lākou i ka nui o Navajo , Hoʻokomo kālā i nā ʻoihana kūloko a kōkua i kā mākou hoʻokele waiwai.
Ua hoʻohui ʻo Gale, "Pēlā nō ʻo Ann lāua ʻo Earl.ʻO lākou ka poʻe kālaihonua mua i hoʻolimalima iā Navajo no ka ʻeli ʻana, a ua uku maikaʻi ʻia lākou.ʻŌlelo ʻo Earl iā Navajo, a ʻōlelo pū ʻo Ann.ʻO kekahi.Ma hope mai, i ka wā i ʻōlelo ai ʻo Earle i ka pale ʻana i kēia mau canyons, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e ʻae ʻia ka poʻe Navajo e noho nei ma ʻaneʻi e noho no ka mea he ʻāpana nui lākou o kēia wahi.
Ua lanakila kēia hoʻopaʻapaʻa.I kēia lā, ma kahi o 80 mau ʻohana Diné e noho ana ma Death Canyon a me Cheri Canyon i loko o nā palena o ka National Monument.No kēia mau ʻohana kekahi o nā mea hoʻokele a me nā mea holo kaʻa i hana i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a he mamo lākou na ka poʻe Ann a me Earl Morris i ʻike ma kahi o 100 mau makahiki i hala.Ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, hoʻokani ʻia ke kōkua Navajo ʻo Ann lāua ʻo Earl e ka mea hoʻokani Diné, e ʻōlelo ana iā Navajo me nā huaʻōlelo Pelekane."ʻO ka mea maʻamau," wahi a Tsosie, "ʻaʻole mālama ka poʻe hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka ʻohana o ka poʻe keaka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a i ka ʻōlelo a lākou e ʻōlelo ai."
I loko o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, he 40 makahiki o ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻōlelo Navajo he ʻano pōkole a me kahi huelo.Ua hoʻokani ʻo Sheldon Blackhorse i kahi kiʻi YouTube ma kāna kelepona-ʻo ia ka 1964 Western kiʻiʻoniʻoni "The Faraway Trumpet" He kiʻi ma ".Ke kamaʻilio nei kekahi mea keaka Navajo i ʻaʻahu ʻia e like me Plains Indian me kahi luna koa lio ʻAmelika ma Navajo.ʻAʻole i ʻike ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hoʻohenehene ana ka mea hana iā ia iho a me kekahi Navajo."ʻIke loa ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi mea iaʻu," wahi āna."He nahesa ʻoe e kolo ana ma luna ou-he nahesa."
Ma Canyon Del Muerto, ʻōlelo nā mea keaka Navajo i kahi mana ʻōlelo kūpono no nā makahiki 1920.ʻO ka makua kāne o Sheldon, ʻo Taft Blackhorse, ka ʻōlelo, ka moʻomeheu a me ke kākāʻōlelo archeology ma ia lā.Ua wehewehe ʻo ia: "Mai ka wā i hele mai ai ʻo Ann Morris ma ʻaneʻi, ua ʻike mākou i ka moʻomeheu Anglo no kekahi kenekulia a ua lilo kā mākou ʻōlelo i pololei a pololei e like me ka ʻōlelo Pelekania.'Ōlelo lākou, "E hele ma luna o ka pōhaku ola."Ke ʻōlelo nei mākou, "E hele ana ma luna o ka pōhaku."E paʻa ana kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ke ʻano o ka ʻōlelo kahiko i ʻaneʻane nalowale.
Ua neʻe ka hui i ka canyon.Wehe aʻela nā limahana i nā pahupaʻikiʻi a hoʻokomo iā lākou ma ke kū kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka hōʻea ʻana mai o ka Model T. He uliuli ka lani, ʻulaʻula nā paia o ka canyon, a ulu nā lau poplar i ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo.He 30 makahiki o Voorhees i keia makahiki, wiwi, me ka lauoho oili kala a me na hiohiona hookui, e komo ana i na pokopoko, he T-shirt a me ka papale mauu laula.Holo aʻela ʻo ia ma kahakai."ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke manaʻoʻiʻo aia mākou ma ʻaneʻi," wahi āna.
ʻO kēia ka hopena o nā makahiki he nui o ka hana nui a nā mea kākau, nā alakaʻi, nā mea hana a me nā ʻoihana.Me ke kōkua ʻana o kona kaikunāne ʻo John a me kona mau mākua, ua hoʻāla ʻo Voorhees i nā miliona miliona ma nā waihona kālā hana mai nā mea hoʻopukapuka kālā hoʻokahi ma mua o 75, kūʻai aku iā lākou i kēlā me kēia manawa.A laila hele mai ka maʻi maʻi Covid-19, ka mea i hoʻopaneʻe i ka papahana holoʻokoʻa a noi iā Voorhees e hoʻonui i kahi US $ 1 miliona e uhi i ke kumukūʻai o nā lako pale pilikino (masks, disposable gloves, hand sanitizer, etc.), pono e pale i nā haneli Ma ka papahana kiʻiʻoniʻoni 34-lā, nā mea hana a pau a me nā limahana o ka hoʻonohonoho.
Ua kūkākūkā ʻo Voorhees ma mua o 30 mau archaeologists e hōʻoia i ka pololei a me ka ʻike moʻomeheu.Ua hana ʻo ia i 22 mau huakaʻi ʻike maka i Canyon de Chelly a me Canyon del Muerto e ʻimi i kahi maikaʻi loa a me ke kihi pana.No nā makahiki he nui, ua mālama ʻo ia i nā hālāwai me ka Navajo Nation and National Park Service, a mālama pū lākou i ka Canyon Decelli National Monument.
Ua ulu ʻo Voorhees ma Boulder, Colorado, a he loio kona makuakāne.I ka hapa nui o kona wā kamaliʻi, i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo Indiana Jones, makemake ʻo ia e lilo i archaeologist.A laila lilo ʻo ia i hoihoi i ka hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni.I ka makahiki 12, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana manawaleʻa ma ka hale hōʻikeʻike ma ke kahua o ke Kulanui o Colorado.ʻO kēia hale hōʻikeʻike ka alma mater o Earl Morris a ua kākoʻo i kekahi o kāna mau huakaʻi noiʻi.Ua loaʻa i kahi kiʻi ma ka hale hōʻikeʻike ka manaʻo o nā Voorhees ʻōpio.“He kiʻi ʻeleʻele a keʻokeʻo kēia o Earl Morris ma Canyon de Chelly.Ua like ia me Indiana Jones i kēia ʻāina kupaianaha.Manaʻo wau, 'Auwe, makemake wau e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i kēlā kanaka.'A laila ʻike wau ʻo ia ka prototype o Indiana Jones, a i ʻole, ua hauʻoli loa wau.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Lucas lāua ʻo Spielberg e pili ana ke kuleana o Indiana Jones ma kahi ʻano i ʻike pinepine ʻia i ka moʻolelo kiʻiʻoniʻoni 1930s-ka mea a Lucas i kapa ʻia "ke koa laki i loko o ka lole ʻili a me kēlā ʻano pāpale"-a ʻAʻole kekahi kiʻi mōʻaukala.Eia naʻe, ma nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ua ʻae lākou ua hoʻoikaika ʻia lākou e ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona maoli: ʻo ka demure, champagne-inu archaeologist ʻo Sylvanus Morley e mālama iā Mexico ʻO ke aʻo ʻana o ka hui nui o ka luakini Mayan ʻo Chichén Itzá, a me ka luna hoʻokele o Molly, ʻo Earl Morris. , e komo ana i ka fedora a me ka 'a'ahu 'ili 'ele'ele, i hui 'ia i ka 'uhane ko'iko'i o ka ho'okalakupua a me ka 'ike ikaika Combine.
ʻO ka makemake e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana iā Earl Morris ua hele pū ʻia e Voorhees ma o ke kula kiʻekiʻe a me ke Kulanui ʻo Georgetown, kahi āna i aʻo ai i ka mōʻaukala a me nā papa mele, a me ke kula kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ma ke Kulanui o Southern Kaleponi.ʻO ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni mua ʻo “First Line” i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e Netflix i ka makahiki 2016 i hoʻololi ʻia mai ke kaua hoʻokolokolo o Elgin Marbles, a ua huli koʻikoʻi ʻo ia i ke kumuhana o Earl Morris.
Ua lilo koke nā kikokikona touchstone ʻo Voorhees i ʻelua mau puke i kākau ʻia e Ann Morris: "Excavating in the Yucatan Peninsula" (1931), e uhi ana iā ia a me Earl i Chichén Itzá (Chichén Itzá) Ua hala ka manawa, a me "Digging in the Southwest" (1933). ), haʻi e pili ana i kā lākou ʻike ma nā kihi ʻehā a ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻo Canyon del Muerto.Ma waena o kēlā mau hana autobiographical ola-no ka mea, ʻaʻole ʻae ka poʻe paʻi puke e hiki i nā wahine ke kākau i kahi puke e pili ana i ka archeology no nā pākeke, no laila ua kūʻai ʻia lākou i nā keiki ʻōpio-Ua wehewehe ʻo Morris i kēia ʻoihana ʻo "hoʻouna i ka honua" He huakaʻi hoʻopakele ma kahi mamao e hoʻihoʻi. nā ʻaoʻao hoʻopuehu o ka autobiography.Ma hope o ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kāna kākau ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Voorhees e kālele iā Ann.“ʻO kona leo ia i loko o ia mau puke.Ua hoʻomaka wau e kākau i ka palapala.
He ʻike a mana kēlā leo, akā ola a hoʻohenehene.E pili ana i kona aloha i ka ʻāina kaona mamao, ua kākau ʻo ia ma ka ʻeli ʻana ma ke komohana hema, "Ke ʻae nei au ʻo wau kekahi o ka heluna o nā mea i loaʻa i ka hypnosis acute ma ke komohana hema-he maʻi maʻi maʻi, make a hiki ʻole ke ola."
Ma ka "Excavation in Yucatan", ua wehewehe ʻo ia i nā "mea hana pono loa" ʻekolu o ka poʻe kālaihonua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka ʻōpala, ka maka kanaka, a me ka noʻonoʻo - ʻo ia nā mea hana nui a me nā mea hana maʻalahi loa.."Pono e mālama pono ʻia e nā ʻoiaʻiʻo i loaʻa i ka wā e mālama ana i ka wai kūpono e hoʻololi a hoʻololi i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai nā ʻike hou.Pono e alakaʻi ʻia e ka noʻonoʻo koʻikoʻi a me ka noʻonoʻo maʻamau, a… ʻO ke ana ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau o ke ola e hana ʻia ma lalo o ka mālama ʻana a kahi chemist.
Ua kākau ʻo ia me ka noʻonoʻo ʻole, ʻo nā relics i ʻeli ʻia e nā archaeologists he "iwi maloʻo wale nō a me ka lepo ʻokoʻa."Ua ʻae ka noʻonoʻo iā lākou e "kūkulu hou i nā pā o nā kūlanakauhale i hiolo… E noʻonoʻo ʻoe i nā alanui kālepa nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, piha i nā huakaʻi huakaʻi, nā mea kālepa a me nā koa i poina ʻia i kēia manawa no ka lanakila nui a i ʻole ka lanakila."
I ka nīnau ʻana o Voorhees iā Ann ma ke Kulanui o Colorado ma Boulder, lohe pinepine ʻo ia i ka pane like-me nā huaʻōlelo he nui, no ke aha e manaʻo ai kekahi i ka wahine ʻona a Earl Morris?ʻOiai ua lilo ʻo Ann i mea inu ʻona koʻikoʻi i kona mau makahiki hope, ua hōʻike ʻia kēia pilikia hoʻowahāwahā ʻino i ka nui o ka poina ʻana o ka hana a Ann Morris, nānā ʻole ʻia, a i hoʻopau ʻia paha.
Ua kākau ʻo Inga Calvin, he polopeka o ka anthropology ma ke Kulanui o Colorado, i puke e pili ana iā Ann Morris, ma muli o kāna mau leka."He kanaka kālaihonua maikaʻi loa ʻo ia me ke kēkelē kulanui a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kahua ma Farani, akā no ka mea he wahine ʻo ia, ʻaʻole ia i manaʻo nui ʻia," wahi āna.“He wahine ʻōpio, nani, olaola ʻo ia e makemake e hoʻohauʻoli i nā kānaka.ʻAʻole kōkua.Hoʻolaha ʻo ia i ka archeology ma o nā puke, ʻaʻole kōkua.Hoʻowahāwahā nā kānaka kālaihonua koʻikoʻi i ka poʻe kaulana.He mea keia na ke kaikamahine na lakou.
Manaʻo ʻo Calvin he "hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia a nani loa ʻo Morris."I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1920, ʻo ke ʻano o ka ʻaʻahu ʻana o Ann ma ke kula - ka hele wāwae ʻana me nā wāwae wāwae, nā leggings, a me nā lole kāne i ka hele wāwae ʻana - he mea hoʻokalakupua no nā wahine."Ma kahi mamao loa, e hiamoe ana i kahi hoʻomoana i piha i nā kāne e hoʻoluliluli ana i kahi spatula, me nā kāne ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, ʻo ia nō," wahi āna.
Wahi a Mary Ann Levine, he polopeka anthropology ma Franklin a me Marshall College ma Pennsylvania, ʻo Morris he "paionia, noho i nā wahi noho ʻole."Ma muli o ka hoʻokae ʻana o ke kāne kāne i ke kula i ke ala o ka noiʻi hoʻonaʻauao, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi hana kūpono i kahi kāne ʻoihana me Earle, kākau i ka hapa nui o kāna mau hōʻike loea, kōkua iā ia e wehewehe i kā lākou ʻike, a kākau i nā puke kūleʻa."Ua hoʻolauna ʻo ia i nā ʻano a me nā pahuhopu o ka archeology i ka lehulehu avid, me nā wahine ʻōpio," wahi a Levine."I ka haʻi ʻana i kāna moʻolelo, ua kākau ʻo ia iā ia iho i ka mōʻaukala o ʻAmelika ʻAmelika."
I ka hōʻea ʻana o Ann i Chichen Itza, Yucatan, i ka makahiki 1924, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Silvanas Molly iā ia e mālama i kāna kaikamahine 6 makahiki a lilo i mea hoʻokipa o nā malihini.I mea e pakele ai i kēia mau hana a e makaʻala i ke kahua, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi luakini liʻiliʻi i mālama ʻole ʻia.Ua hoʻohuli ʻo ia iā Molly e ʻae iā ia e ʻeli, a ʻeli pono ʻo ia.I ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o Earl i ka luakini nani o nā Koa (800-1050 AD), ua kope a aʻo ʻia ka mea pena kiʻi akamai loa ʻo Ann.ʻO kāna noiʻi a me kāna mau kiʻi he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mana ʻelua o ka luakini o nā koa ma Chichen Itza, Yucatan, i paʻi ʻia e ka Carnegie Institute ma 1931. Me Earl a me ka mea pena Farani ʻo Jean Charlotte, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ʻo Co- mea kākau.
Ma ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua hana ʻo Ann lāua ʻo Earl i nā ʻeli nui a hoʻopaʻa a aʻo i nā petroglyphs ma nā kihi ʻehā.ʻO kāna puke e pili ana i kēia mau hana i hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo kuʻuna o Anasazi.E like me kā Voorhees i ʻōlelo ai, "Manaʻo ka poʻe he poʻe hahai holoholona nomadic kēia wahi o ka ʻāina.ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia nā Anasazis he civilization, kūlanakauhale, moʻomeheu, a me nā kikowaena civic.ʻO ka mea a Ann Morris i hana ai i loko o kēlā puke Ua hoʻopau maikaʻi loa a hoʻoholo i nā manawa kūʻokoʻa āpau o ka civilization 1000-makahiki-Basket Makers 1, 2, 3, 4;Pueblo 3, 4, etc.
ʻIke ʻo Voorhees iā ia he wahine 21st century i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20."I loko o kona ola, ua mālama ʻole ʻia ʻo ia, mālama ʻia, ʻakaʻaka ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia, no ka mea, ʻo ka archeology kahi hui keikikāne," wahi āna.“ʻO ka laʻana maʻamau kāna mau puke.Ua kākau maopopo ʻia no nā poʻe mākua me nā kekelē kulanui, akā pono e paʻi ʻia ma ke ʻano he puke no nā keiki.
Ua noi ʻo Voorhees iā Tom Felton (ʻike maikaʻi ʻia no ka hoʻokani ʻana iā Draco Malfoy ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni Harry Potter) e pāʻani iā Earl Morris.ʻO ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo Ann Morris (Ann Morris) hoʻokani iā Abigail Lawrie, ʻo 24-makahiki-kahiko Scottish-hānau ka mea hana keaka kaulana no ka British TV kalaima drama "Tin Star", a me ka opio O archaeologists i striking physical likes."Me he mea lā ua hana hou mākou iā Ann," wahi a Voorhees."He mea kupanaha ke hui oe me ia."
I ke kolu o ka lā o ka canyon, ua hōʻea ʻo Voorhees a me nā limahana i kahi wahi i paheʻe ai ʻo Ann a kokoke make i ka piʻi ʻana i ka pōhaku, kahi i hana ai ʻo lāua me Earle i kekahi o nā mea i ʻike nui ʻia-ʻoiai ʻo ka archeology paionia Ua komo ka home i ke ana i kapa ʻia ʻo Holocaust. kiʻekiʻe ma kahi kokoke i ka lihi o ka canyon, ʻike ʻole ʻia mai lalo.
I nā kenekulia 18 a me 19, ua hoʻouka pinepine ʻia nā hoʻouka kaua, nā hoʻouka kaua, a me nā kaua ma waena o Navajo a me Spaniards ma New Mexico.I ka makahiki 1805, ua holo na koa Paniolo i ke awawa e hoopa'i i ka hoouka kaua ana mai o Navajo.Ma kahi o 25 Navajos—ka poʻe ʻelemakule, nā wāhine, a me nā keiki—i hūnā ʻia i loko o ke ana.Inā ʻaʻole ka luahine i hoʻomaka i ka ʻōlelo hoʻomāʻewaʻewa i nā koa, me ka ʻōlelo ʻana he "poʻe hele maka ʻole", inā ua peʻe lākou.
ʻAʻole i hiki i nā koa Sepania ke kī pololei i kā lākou pahu hopu, akā, ua kipaku ʻia kā lākou mau pōkā mai ka paia o ke ana, a hōʻeha a make paha ka hapa nui o ka poʻe o loko.A laila, piʻi nā koa i ke ana, pepehi i ka poʻe ʻeha a ʻaihue i kā lākou waiwai.Ma kahi kokoke i 120 mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua komo ʻo Ann lāua ʻo Earl Morris i ke ana a loaʻa iā lākou nā iwi keʻokeʻo, nā pōkā i pepehi i ka Navajo, a me nā wahi kiko ma ka paia hope.Ua hāʻawi ka pepehi kanaka iā Death Canyon i ka inoa ʻino.(Ua alakaʻi ʻo James Stevenson ka mea kālaihonua ʻo Smithsonian Institution i kahi huakaʻi ma ʻaneʻi i ka makahiki 1882 a kapa ʻia ka canyon.)
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Taft Blackhorse: “He kapu ikaika loa kā mākou i ka poʻe make.ʻAʻole mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana iā lākou.ʻAʻole mākou makemake e noho i kahi e make ai nā kānaka.Inā make kekahi, haʻalele ka poʻe i ka hale.Na ka ʻuhane o ka poʻe make e hōʻeha i ka poʻe ola, no laila ke kaʻawale nei mākou i ka pepehi ʻana i nā ana a me nā hale pali.ʻO ka kapu make ʻana o Navajo kekahi o nā kumu i hoʻopilikia ʻole ʻia ai ʻo Canyon of the Dead ma mua o ka hōʻea ʻana mai o Ann lāua ʻo Earl Morris.Ua wehewehe maoli ʻo ia iā ia ʻo "kekahi o nā wahi archaeological waiwai loa o ka honua."
ʻAʻole mamao loa mai ka Holocaust Cave he wahi kupaianaha a nani hoʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo Mummy Cave: ʻO kēia ka manawa mua loa i ʻike ʻia ai ʻo Voorhees ma ka pale.He ana papalua kēia o ka pōhaku ʻulaʻula i hoʻopau ʻia e ka makani.Ma ka ʻaoʻao 200 kapuaʻi ma luna o ka ʻāina o ka canyon he hale kiaʻi kupanaha ʻekolu-papa me kekahi mau keʻena e pili ana, i kūkulu ʻia me ka hale pōhaku e ka poʻe Anasazi a i ʻole ka poʻe kupuna Pueblo.
I ka makahiki 1923, ua ʻeli ʻo Ann lāua ʻo Earl Morris ma ʻaneʻi a loaʻa i nā hōʻike o ka 1,000 makahiki o ka noho ʻana, me ka nui o nā kupapaʻu mummified me ka lauoho a me ka ʻili.ʻAneʻane ʻo kēlā me kēia mummy—kane, wahine, a me nā keiki—ua ʻaʻahu lākou i nā pūpū a me nā lei;pela ka aeto pipi ma ka hoolewa.
ʻO kekahi o nā hana a Ann ʻo ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo o nā mummies i nā kenekulia a hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻiole nesting mai ko lākou ʻōpū ʻōpū.ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻuʻuku.Ua male ʻo Ann lāua ʻo Earl, a ʻo kā lāua honeymoon kēia.
I loko o ka hale liʻiliʻi o Ben Gell ma Tucson, i loko o ka haunaele o nā mea hana lima hema hema a me nā mea hana leo kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe Denemaka kahiko, aia ka nui o nā leka, nā diaries, nā kiʻi a me nā mea hoʻomanaʻo mai kona kupuna wahine.Lawe ae la oia i ka pu panapana mai kona lumi moe, a na Morris i lawe pu me lakou i ka wa o ka huakai.I ka makahiki 15, kuhikuhi ʻo Earl Morris i ke kanaka nāna i pepehi i kona makuakāne ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa ʻana i loko o kahi kaʻa ma Farmington, New Mexico."Ua haʻalulu nui nā lima o Earl i hiki ʻole iā ia ke paʻa i ka pana pana," wahi a Gale."I kona huki ʻana i ke kī, ʻaʻole i kī ka pū a holo ʻo ia me ka hopohopo."
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Earle ma Chama, New Mexico i ka makahiki 1889. Ua ulu ʻo ia me kona makuakāne, he mea hoʻokele kaʻa a me ka ʻenekini kūkulu hale e hana ana ma ka pae alanui, ke kūkulu ʻana i ka pā, ka hana ʻana a me nā hana kaʻaahi.I ko laua manawa kaawale, ua imi ka makuakane a me ke keiki i na mea kahiko o Amerika;Ua hoʻohana ʻo Earle i kahi koho pōkole pōkole e ʻeli i kāna ipu mua i ka makahiki 31/2.Ma hope o ka pepehi ʻia ʻana o kona makuakāne, ua lilo ka ʻeli ʻana i nā mea kiʻi i ka mālama ʻana iā Earl's OCD.I ka makahiki 1908, ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kulanui o Colorado ma Boulder, kahi i loaʻa ai iā ia ke kēkelē laeoʻo ma ke ʻano noʻonoʻo, akā ua hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka archaeology—ʻaʻole wale no ka ʻeli ʻana i nā ipu hao a me nā waiwai, akā no ka ʻike a me ka ʻike o ka wā i hala.I ka makahiki 1912, ua ʻeli ʻo ia i nā wahi neoneo Mayan ma Guatemala.I ka makahiki 1917, i ka makahiki 28, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻeli a hoʻihoʻi hou i nā ʻōpala Aztec o nā kūpuna o Pueblo ma New Mexico no ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ann ma 1900 a ua ulu ʻo ia i kahi ʻohana waiwai ma Omaha.I ka makahiki 6, e like me kāna i ʻōlelo ai ma "Southwest Digging", nīnau kekahi hoaaloha ʻohana iā ia i kāna mea e makemake ai e hana i kona wā e ulu ai.E like me kāna hōʻike ʻana iā ia iho, me ka hanohano a me ka precocious, hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi pane i hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia, ʻo ia ka wānana pololei o kona ola kanaka makua: "Makemake au e ʻeli i ka waiwai kanu i kanu ʻia, e ʻimi i waena o nā India, pena a ʻaʻahu Hele i ka pū. a laila hele i ke kulanui.
Heluhelu ʻo Gal i nā leka a Ann i kākau ai i kona makuahine ma Smith College ma Northampton, Massachusetts."Ua ʻōlelo kekahi polopeka ʻo ia ke kaikamahine akamai loa ma ke Kulanui ʻo Smith," i ʻōlelo mai ai ʻo Gale iaʻu.“ʻO ia ke ola o ka pāʻina, ʻakaʻaka loa, huna ʻia paha ma hope.Hoʻohana mau ʻo ia i ka ʻakaʻaka ma kāna mau leka a haʻi i kona makuahine i nā mea a pau, me nā lā hiki ʻole iā ia ke ala aʻe.Ke kaumaha?ʻO ka hangover?ʻElua paha.ʻAe, ʻaʻole maopopo iā mākou.
Pīhoihoi ʻia ʻo Ann e nā kānaka mua, ka mōʻaukala kahiko, a me ka hui ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ma mua o ka naʻi ʻana o ʻEulopa.Ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i kāna kumu mōʻaukala no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kā lākou mau papa a pau a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke aupuni a me ke aupuni."ʻAʻole a hiki i kahi polopeka i hoʻoluhi hewa ʻia wau i ʻōlelo ai e makemake paha au i ka archeology ma mua o ka mōʻaukala, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaka ka wanaʻao," kākau ʻo ia.Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ke Kulanui 'o Smith i ka makahiki 1922, ua holo pololei 'o ia i Farani e komo i ka American Academy of Prehistoric Archaeology, kahi i a'o ai 'o ia i ka 'eli 'ana.
ʻOiai ua hālāwai mua ʻo ia me Earl Morris ma Shiprock, New Mexico—ke kipa aku nei ʻo ia i kahi hoahānau—ʻaʻole maopopo ka papa manawa o ka male ʻana.Akā, me he mea lā ua hoʻouna ʻo Earl i kahi leka iā Ann i kāna aʻo ʻana ma Farani, e noi ana iā ia e mare iā ia."Ua hauʻoli loa ʻo ia iā ia," wahi a Gale.“Ua mare ʻo ia i kāna meʻe.He ala kēia e lilo ai ia i mea kālaihonua-e komo i ka ʻoihana.I loko o kahi leka i kona ʻohana i ka makahiki 1921, ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia inā he kāne ʻo Earl e hauʻoli ʻo ia e hāʻawi iā ia i kahi hana e mālama ai i ka ʻeli ʻana, akā ʻaʻole ʻae kāna kākoʻo i kahi wahine e paʻa i kēia kūlana.Ua kākau ʻo ia: "ʻAʻole pono e ʻōlelo, ua kulu koʻu mau niho ma muli o ka wili pinepine ʻana."
Ua mālama ʻia ka male ma Gallup, New Mexico i ka makahiki 1923. A laila, ma hope o ka ʻeli ʻana i ka honeymoon ma ka Mummy Cave, ua lawe lākou i kahi moku i Yucatan, kahi i hoʻolimalima ai ka Carnegie Institute i ka Earl e ʻeli a kūkulu hou i ka luakini koa ma Chichen Itza.Ma ka papaʻaina kīhini, ua kau ʻo Gail i nā kiʻi o kona mau kūpuna i loko o nā wahi ʻino o Mayan-E ʻaʻahu ana ʻo Ann i kahi pāpale sloppy a me ka pālule keʻokeʻo, e kope ana i nā kiʻi kiʻi;e kau ana ka earl i ka huila sima ma ke kaa o ke kaa;a aia ʻo ia i loko o ka luakini liʻiliʻi o Xtoloc Cenote.Ma laila "loaʻa i kāna mau spurs" ma ke ʻano he excavator, ua kākau ʻo ia ma ka ʻeli ʻana ma Yucatan.
No ke koena o nā makahiki 1920, noho kaʻahele ka ʻohana Morris, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ko lākou manawa ma waena o Yucatan a me Southwestern United States.Mai nā hiʻohiʻona helehelena a me ka ʻōlelo kino i hōʻike ʻia ma nā kiʻi a Ann, a me ka moʻolelo ola a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i loko o kāna mau puke, nā leka a me nā puke moʻolelo, ʻike maopopo ʻia ʻo ia e lawe nei i kahi huakaʻi nui kino a me ka naʻauao me kahi kāne āna i mahalo ai.Wahi a Inga Calvin, ke inu nei ʻo Ann i ka waiʻona - ʻaʻole maʻamau no ka mea ʻimi kālaihonua - akā hana mau a hauʻoli i kona ola.
A laila, i kekahi manawa i ka makahiki 1930, ua lilo kēia wahine akamai a ikaika i hermit."ʻO kēia ka mea huna nui o kona ola, ʻaʻole i kamaʻilio koʻu ʻohana no ia mea," wahi a Gale.“I koʻu nīnau ʻana i koʻu makuahine no Ann, e ʻōlelo ʻo ia me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, 'He kanaka inu ʻona ʻo ia,' a laila hoʻololi i ke kumuhana.ʻAʻole au e hōʻole he mea inu ʻona ʻo Ann - pono ʻo ia - akā manaʻo wau he maʻalahi loa kēia wehewehe ʻana iā NS.
Ua makemake ʻo Gale e ʻike inā ʻo ka noho ʻana a me ka hānau ʻana ma Boulder, Colorado (ua hānau ʻia kona makuahine ʻo Elizabeth Ann ma 1932 a ua hānau ʻia ʻo Sarah Lane i 1933) he hoʻololi paʻakikī ma hope o kēlā mau makahiki hoʻokūkū ma ke alo o ka archeology.Naʻe pehē ange ʻe ʻInga Calvin: “Ko ia ʻo Gehena.No Ann a me kāna mau keiki, makaʻu lākou iā ia.Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi mau moʻolelo e pili ana iā Ann e mālama ana i kahi pāʻina lole no nā keiki ma ka hale o Boulder.
I kona makahiki he 40, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i haʻalele i ka lumi ma luna.Wahi a kekahi ʻohana, hele ʻo ia i lalo i ʻelua manawa o ka makahiki e kipa i kāna mau keiki, a ua pāpā loa ʻia kona lumi.Aia nā pūkini a me nā mea puhi Bunsen i loko o kēlā lumi, kahi i manaʻo ai kekahi o ka ʻohana e hoʻohana ana ʻo ia i ka morphine a i ʻole heroin.ʻAʻole i manaʻo ʻo Gail he ʻoiaʻiʻo.Ua loaʻa iā Ann ka maʻi maʻi diabetes a ke hoʻokomo nei i ka insulin.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, hoʻohana ʻia paha ka mea puhi Bunsen e hoʻomehana i ke kofe a i ʻole ke kī.
"Manaʻo wau he hui kēia o nā kumu he nui," i ʻōlelo ai ʻo ia."Ua ʻona ʻo ia, maʻi maʻi maʻi, maʻi maʻi ʻeha, a kokoke loa e loaʻa i ke kaumaha."I ka pau ʻana o kona ola ʻana, ua kākau ʻo Earl i kahi leka i ka makuakāne o Ann e pili ana i ka hana a ke kauka.Ua manaʻo ʻo Gale he maʻi koko ka nodule a ua koʻikoʻi ka ʻeha.
Ua makemake ʻo Coerte Voorhees e pana i kāna mau hiʻohiʻona Canyon de Chelly a me Canyon del Muerto ma nā wahi maoli ma Arizona, akā no nā kumu kālā pono ʻo ia e pana i ka hapa nui o nā hiʻohiʻona ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka mokuʻāina ʻo New Mexico, kahi i loaʻa ai ʻo ia a me kāna hui, hāʻawi i nā ʻauhau ʻauhau nui no ka hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma ka mokuʻāina, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hāʻawi ʻo Arizona i nā mea hoʻoikaika.
ʻO ia ke kumu e loaʻa ai kahi kūpaʻa no ka Canyon Decelli National Monument ma New Mexico.Ma hope o ka ʻike nui ʻana, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e pana ma Red Rock Park ma waho o Gallup.ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke ʻano o ka ʻāina, akā hana ʻia me ka pōhaku ʻulaʻula like, i hoʻopau ʻia i ke ʻano like e ka makani, a kūʻē i ka manaʻo nui, he wahaheʻe maikaʻi ke kamera.
Ma Hongyan, hana nā limahana me nā lio hui ʻole i ka makani a me ka ua a hiki i ka pō, a lilo ka makani i hau oblique.ʻO ke awakea, ke ʻā nei nā hau hau i ka wao nahele kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo Laurie-he kiʻi ola maoli nō ʻo Ann Morris-e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ana iā ia me Taft Blackhorse a me kāna keiki ʻo Sheldon Navajo laina.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-09-2021